Conference Review: GDPA Dermatology PEARLS

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The Georgia Dermatology Physician Assistants (GDPA) puts on an annual conference called Dermatology PEARLS (Physician Extenders Advanced Regional Learning Symposium).  It is held in Atlanta, GA or somewhere nearby.   It was in October this year, and the next one is scheduled for March in the Buckhead area of Atlanta.  There was a maximum amount of CME of 26.5 hours offered, with a possible maximum of 22.5 hours for each attendee.  8 of those hours could be self-assessment if you are in the new CME cycle.  3 workshops were offered - Intermediate Surgery, Hyperhidrosis, Neurotoxin & Fillers - but I didn't participate in any of these.  The price for this conference was really reasonable.  For early registration a non-GDPA member, it's $300, and if you were a member, it was $275.  These prices increased by $75 each for later registration, so plan early!

The location was at the Cobb Galleria Centre, and the hotel was adjacent to the convention center.  I didn't need to stay at the hotel since my sister lives in Atlanta, but it would have been nice to have just a 5 minute walk to the conference.  The conference was 3 days long, which I felt like was appropriate.  There was a ton of information presented, and I was exhausted at the end of each day.   Everything was extremely organized, and the schedule ran on time.  There were a few lectures I would have liked a little more time for questions, but it was nice to know what to expect throughout the day.  

There was a notebook given that had all of the information for the conference, wi-fi information, and a page for notes on each of the lectures (and I took tons of notes).  The speakers were all awesome.  There were some physicians and some PAs, and I would just love to spend a day with any of them.  I don't think there was a single lecture that I felt like I didn't learn something.  There were a few instances where I felt like the information went over my head (immunology!), but I still feel like I learned a lot.  I got so many pearls, and I'm really excited to try them out in practice.  It was also reassuring to hear from people who have been practicing dermatology for 10, 20, or 30 years that they struggle with treating some of the same skin diseases that I feel frustrated by.  

I had a great time at the conference, and I learned so much.  This is definitely a conference that I plan on attending again in the future!


Tips for a Medical Conference

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This past week I attended my first ever Continuing Education conference.  The one I went to was put on by the Georgia Dermatology Physician Assistants (GDPA), and it was their bi-annual Dermatology PEARLS conference.  The next one will be in March in Atlanta, GA if you have any interest in dermatology or are looking for a conference.  I went there not really knowing what to expect, but it was an awesome conference!  (I guess I don't have anything to compare to, but I did enjoy it.  I'm going to do a separate post reviewing this particular conference, but here are some tips I would like to share if you are getting ready to go to a conference!

  • No matter what you wear, you probably won't be the most underdressed or overdressed.  There were people in anything from jeans to suits.  
  • Bring a sweater!  It might be cold, and you'll be sedentary for most of the day.  
  • Welcome back to PA school!  Be ready to sit and listen to lectures for about 8 hours, unless you go to a conference that only has lectures in the morning.  
  • There's lots of food and coffee.  We had a breakfast and lunch buffet, and lots of coffee breaks with little snacks and drinks.  
  • Goodies!  They gave me a bag, pens, a notebook, and a jump drive with lectures when I arrived.  And then in the Exhibit Hall, there are a bunch of booths with pharmaceutical reps, hospitals, and other medical products that have handouts and information.  
  • You can come and go as you need to.  You can only claim the CME for the parts that you are actually present for, but it's not a big deal if you need to leave early.  
  • The sessions can be very interactive.  We had clickers to answer questions, and the speakers were very engaging, and encouraged questions.  
  • You need to know generic names.  All of the speakers try to be non-biased so they will use the generic names instead of the brand names as much as possible.  
  • Learning is exhausting, especially when it's been a while since you've had such intense classroom time.  
  • Students welcome!  There were a good bit of students at the conference I went to, and I think I would have been overwhelmed as a student, but also I would have learned a lot.  It's a great place to make connections and meet people for finding rotations or a job after graduation.  
  • And lastly, if you go to a dermatology conference, then everyone will have perfect skin!  But seriously, they did.  

Comment with any of your tips for conferences, or any CME events that you've been to and would recommend!


Clinical Year: Pediatrics

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There are a couple of rumors that go around about pediatric rotations.  I heard them multiple times, and I've heard them from students in all different programs.  

  1. The parents are the worst part of working in pediatrics.  
  2. You will definitely get sick while on this rotation.  

Unfortunately there is some truth to these rumors.  Most of the time parents are fine, but every once in a while, there will be one that is very difficult to deal with, but they weren't that bad.  And I definitely got sick because kids don't even try to not cough or sneeze in your face.  I felt kind of bad for the last week of my rotation, so after multiple negative strep tests, I went to the student health clinic. Just a mild case of pneumonia, but that was resolved with some steroids and antibiotics.  And I learned my lesson and decided I should probably go to the doctor if I'm feeling bad for a week or so and it's not getting any better.  

My pediatrics rotation was at a small clinic in town.  All of the staff and the physician are hispanic, so about half of our patients were mostly Spanish-speaking.  I took some Spanish in high school and college, but I am in no sense fluent.  I can understand some things and carry on a very basic conversation.  So that was a challenge, but I tried!   And everyone was really nice and understanding about my lack of ability to communicate.  

My preceptor was a great teacher.  He had been practicing for years, and had seen some tough cases.  He liked to pimp me, whether we were in the room with patients or during lunch, and his questions were extremely specific.  I rarely knew the answers, but I would always try, and I learned a lot.  He was always nice when I didn't know too.  We had a document as a class with notes of questions he had asked other students in the past, so I tried to study that, and it helped me to get a few right.  There are so many strange congenital defects and diseases that it's impossible to feel prepared to know them all coming out of PA school.  We learn the basics.  

Kids can be tough.  If they're sick, then they are already upset and really don't want you messing with them.  I think its's hard for them to realize that you just want to help.  Some kids will automatically start sobbing when you come in the room.  I learned to look for tears because otherwise they are just putting on a show.  There are a lot of well checks, along with the sick visits.  

One of the interesting things I got to see on this rotation was a child with chicken pox, which my preceptor said he hadn't seen in a few years.  It was a textbook appearance, but it's become very rare to see it in clinic.  The pt was about 2 weeks away from getting her chicken pox vaccine.  I also saw a teenager in sickle cell crisis, which seemed to be very painful.  He had experienced it before and really needed to be at the ER, but it was still a good thing for me to see.  

I enjoyed pediatrics, but it was a little exhausting as well.  My preceptor would just hold kids down if he really needed to, but he was a big guy, and I'm not.  Even now I don't even try to restrain kids while I'm treating them because I usually end up getting kicked or not being able to do what I need to do.  In dermatology (at my practice), I do get to see a good bit of kids.  I think if that's all I saw, I wouldn't like it as much, but I do like getting to see them occasionally.  

Here are some other resources to check out as well:

  • A blog post about a student's experience during pediatrics

Clinical Year: Internal Medicine

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I'll go ahead and say this was one of my least favorite rotations, not because of the area, but because of where I was.  Just a disclaimer. 

My internal medicine site was an outpatient clinic that also took care of multiple nursing homes and did home visits, so I spent some time at those as well.  There was an MD and a PA in the office, and a PA who only saw nursing homes and home visits.  

Over time, the site I was at had somewhat transitioned into a pain management clinic, which is questionable territory for an IM practice.  There were a lot of suboxone patients (a medicine to help patients addicted to pain medication) and a lot of chronic patients, some who were getting over 300 pills of hydrocodone or oxycodone a month (if that sounds a little excessive, it's because it is).  This practice also regularly prescribed drugs for ADD and weight loss.  There were also some regular IM patients just coming for check-ups, but not as many as I would have expected for an internal medicine residency.  

Anyways, I definitely learned a lot during my month there.  They would call me to come and do every physical and rectal exam.  Lucky me!  (Thankfully, I don't have to do those in dermatology, but I got plenty of experience there.)  It was the 2nd day when I was let loose to go see patients on my own, and when I started to feel slightly uncomfortable.  Everyone was very nice, but after presenting to either preceptor, there were times when I was encouraged to go forward with my treatment plan and let the patient go (without them ever seeing the patient).  That is just not appropriate.  I was a student.  I learned to stand my ground and I let them know that I was not comfortable with that.  I also let my clinical director at my program know what was being encouraged.  

The good things about this rotation were I got lunch everyday because if there wasn't a rep on the schedule, they would call around and find one.  I did get to see a lot and I learned a lot, especially about pain management and being in uncomfortable situations.  That physician has recently lost his DEA license, so I think that speaks a little bit to what was going on.  

So this is an example of how where you do your rotation can make a huge impact on your feelings for the specialty.  If you have a bad experience, you may want to consider doing one of your electives in that area just to get another look in a different place.  And again, never do anything you aren't comfortable with and tell your program if you feel like a rotation site wouldn't be good to use in the future.  

Some other blog posts and articles that may be helpful: 

  • A blog post with an interview with a cardiology PA
  • A blog post with an interview with a nephrology PA
  • A blog post about a student's experience on her IM rotation.  And some recommended resources.  

Clinical Year: Endocrinology

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At my program, we had 8 weeks of internal medicine total and could break it up into 2 separate 4-week rotations.  I did one of mine in general IM and the other in endocrinology.  My initial thoughts about endo were that I didn't know that much so I needed to do it, and lots of diabetes was in my near future.  

So what I learned on this rotations is that I was right that I didn't know much and that endocrine does see a lot of diabetes, but there's a bunch of other stuff too.  And there's a lot more to diabetes and treatment than we learn about in school.  Probably because they have new drugs and insulin more often now.  

My rotation was about 30 minutes away in a small town, and the office was a really cool old Victorian house (which I later found out was apparently haunted).  There was a physician and a PA and I was able to spend time with both of them.  The MD at this practice was a little picky about things, and would have a mini breakdown if you happened to forget the patient if they were taking aspirin or another minor detail.  I would always remind him that the patient was still there and go ask as promptly as possible.  Interesting dynamics in that office.  

There is a huge lack of endocrinologists right now, and that need is just going to grow as America continues to lack understanding about their health.  The patients would come in and have vitals done, occasionally a DEXA bone scan, and then be seen.  It's really important that diabetes patients keep a good record of their blood sugars, meals, and medications, especially if they are uncontrolled.  I would say about half of the patients actually brought these with them, which was a little frustrating.  The office I was in would do something called continuous glucose monitoring on patients that were having trouble getting their sugars under control.  Basically they wear a monitor for 3 days that takes periodic measurements of their blood sugar and then provides all kinds of graphs.  These can be done from blood glucose monitors too, but take a little more work.  If the patient is diligent about recording their meals and medications, that data shows when they may need more or less insulin or what meals they need to adjust.  It was really neat.  

Besides diabetes, there were also a lot of thyroid issues.  Whether it was hypothyroid or hyperthyroid or thyroid nodules or masses.  The MD had an ultrasound that he would do on patient's thyroids and he also performed fine needle aspiration biopsies as well when needed.  Those were very neat to see, and similar to what I had seen on my surgery rotation for breast mass biopsies.  

I went into this rotation thinking I was going to hate it, but I actually ended up liking it a lot.  In fact, I think if I wasn't working in dermatology, I would have looked for a job in endocrinology.  My husband is a 4th year medical student applying to internal medicine residencies right now, and I secretly hope he ends up doing an endocrine fellowship so I can work with him some.  I considered endocrine "lab medicine," and while labs are important, it's also important to talk to the patients and educate them on their disease state.  Unfortunately, I never saw the ghost of the little girl that had been seen multiple times in the office, but that's probably for the better.  I think doing this rotation helped me on boards a ton, and gave me a much better understanding of diabetes medications and interpreting thyroid labs, so I would definitely recommend doing one if you can!


Clinical Year: Emergency Medicine

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Going into my Emergency Medicine rotation, I was a little apprehensive.  I mean, anything can walk through those doors right?  At this point about halfway through my clinical year, I wasn't really thinking of myself working in the ED.  

The hospital I was working at was a smaller one, where there are usually 2-3 physicians and 2-3 PAs or NPs on at any given time.  My preceptor was great!  He loved to teach, and if we had any downtime, he would try to fit in a quick lesson about one of the many essential topics in the ER.  Everyone at that hospital was so nice and helpful.  I was the only student there and if anything interesting came in, the nurses or physicians or PAs would always come and get me.  

Basically the way the ER works is that a patient comes and signs in and they are triaged.  Their name and chief complaint are displayed on the provider's computer, and then each MD or PA decides who they are going to pick up.  It's important to keep a good balance of straight forward cases (like a cut that needs sutured) with more complicated cases that will require labs or imaging.  Since I was there, my preceptor would usually pick up 2 cases at a time and I would go see one patient while he saw the other.  

I was definitely right in assuming that the ED is unpredictable.  There would be some days that we were sitting around with not much to do, and then other days that there were so many patients, they were being treated in the waiting room.  Literally, one of the PAs would go in the waiting room, and if there was something simple they would treat the patient there.   Since the shifts are usually 12 hours, there would often be busy times and slow times during the same shift.  I ended up staying late a few times, just because it had gotten so crazy by the time I was supposed to leave.  

Working in the ER is a really great opportunity to see a lot of different cases and also to practice a lot of skills.  It's not the time to be shy.  If they give you a chance to do something, and you feel comfortable, then go for it!  There are so many skills I got to practice or see during this rotation, that it was extremely valuable.  I'll list a few off just so you can get an idea:

  • Suturing a cut from a chainsaw - I did this all by myself!  My preceptor said he would come check on me, but I finished before he had the chance.  I had a little suturing practice from my surgery rotation, but those were cleaner cuts.  My patient was really nice, and I remember his son was there and they were watching a show about puppies on the Animal Planet, which didn't seem quite characteristic, but was funny.  
  • Lumbar puncture - I was able to see an LP on a 4 day old (which was really hard to watch), and practice on a pt with advanced diabetes who we suspected might have meningitis 
  • Start a central line - My preceptor helped lead me through this one because I had only ever done it on models, but he helped me to find the femoral artery and go through the process, so that was really cool.  That's not something they do a ton at the ER I was at, so I was glad I got to see it
  • Intraosseous IV - I performed this on a pt who was currently having CPR done, and both efforts were unsuccessful unfortunately.  You really want to make sure you go in at a 90 degree angle to have a successful intraosseous IV
  • Remove a fishing hook from a pt's neck - Definitely interesting.  I just used a pair of pliers that look like they came from my dad's toolbox.  The pt did great though! 
  • See CPR - I didn't actually participate because by the time the pt got to the ER, the respiratory team was bagging the pt and they had the LUCAS machine on that does chest compression.  Pretty crazy to watch.  
  • Staple a child's head - Not the most fun, but good practice for working on kids.  You just have to be fast and hold them as still as possible.  
  • Drain a cyst - This was good practice for my current job in derm.  I still hate draining cysts.  The smell is just too much. 
  • Set a broken radius- I don't do well with bones.  Like those videos with people breaking their arms and legs?  I just can't handle them.  So when an 8 year old has a broken arm and they asked me to set it, I said sure just like any good student would do.  And then I almost passed out.  Whoops.  The feeling and sound and the MD "recreating the injury" to then put it back into place after I failed, that just didn't work for me.  So I turned sheet white and started blacking out as I ran out of the room to find a place to sit down.  I got made fun of just a little bit for that one.  
  • Watch a dislocated hip be realigned - More bones.  This was after the arm, and once the MD was standing on the bed and pulling on the patient's leg, I just decided to look at the ground.  But I heard it go back into place! 
  • Pop a dislocated shoulder back into place - For some reason I handled this ok.  It wasn't that bad.  Basically you pull down on the patient's arm, and then rotate their arm backwards and up and it slides back into place.  

So by the end of my ER rotation, besides the bone stuff, I really felt like I would enjoy working in that field.  I really liked the hospital I was at, and it would be a wonderful place to work.  Of course, in the ED, you get some drug seekers and difficult patients, or patients who really should just be at prompt care, but what can you do?  All of that is really just a part of medicine, so we deal with it.  The one thing I didn't love about the ER was the long shifts.  I felt like I went to work, came home, ate, slept, and then did it again for 3-4 days in a row.  So it was pretty exhausting, but I think it would be something you get used to if you do it all the time.  

Other Resources:

  • Here is a blog post with an interview with an ER PA.  And another one as well.  
  • "Advice to New Interns" - or to new PA students on rotations.  
  • ALiEM (Academic Life in Emergency Medicine) - This is a site with great articles and videos about emergency medicine
  • Here is a blog post from a fellow student about her experience and tips for an ER rotation.  

Choosing Elective Rotations

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One of the fun parts of clinical year is getting to choose where you will do electives, but this can be stressful as well.  There are a lot of different things to take into consideration when trying to figure out where you want to spend your extra time and various strategies for making those decisions.

Is there an area that you weren't able to rotate in that you think might interest you?

  • Electives are a great opportunity to explore your options and find out if you would like a job on a daily basis without committing to a contract.  For example, my school doesn't require an orthopedics rotation, but it's a very popular area for PA students (and a good chunk of the PANCE) so a lot of my classmates chose to rotate through ortho.  Even if you don't love the exact area that you choose to rotate through, it may give you some direction.

Was there a rotation that you loved, but not sure if you would want to do it daily?

  • Maybe you just need more time to figure it out, and you can use that elective to find out.  If you liked a specialty, but spent most of your time in a hospital setting, you could try to find an outpatient office to get some experience in a different setting.  There can be a huge difference in working in a private office and working in a hospital.  I was on the inpatient wards for my whole psychiatry rotation, and I hated it, but some of my classmates had great experiences in outpatient psych.

Is there an area that you feel like you are not as proficient at or really worried about for boards?

  • For me, it was cardiology.  I still wish I had the opportunity to do a rotation specifically in cardio because it's such an important part of boards and seeing patients in multiple areas.  I chose to do a general internal medicine and endocrinology (which I would recommend for sure) instead, but I think cardio or pulmonology would have been really useful.  Doing an elective in an area that you don't feel as comfortable in will help you to step outside of your comfort zone, and help you to feel more ready for boards.

Is there a specific area you are interested in working in?

  • If you already have an area of interest, but have not found a prospective job yet, you may try to do a rotation in that area.  It's always a good idea to make your interests known so that potential employers or preceptors who have connections can help you to find a position.  By doing electives in an area you want to work in, it will give you extra experience, which is a plus when applying for jobs in that area.

Do you have a prospective job opportunity?

  • If someone has made you an offer of employment or is possibly considering that, you may want to do one or all of your electives with that group.  It gives you a chance to see if you would fit in and feel comfortable, and it gives them a few months of free training, which means you'll be working on your own sooner potentially.  Personally, I knew I wanted to work in dermatology if possible, and I was able to use my 2 months of electives as a benefit during my interview.  I was hired before my electives and that time was great for training, and I was able to start seeing patients on my own about 1 month after I was officially licensed because I had 3 full months of training done already.

If you already know what area you will be working in, is there a different specialty that would make you a better provider in your field?

  • Many fields have a lot of overlap, or you may end up sending patients out to a specific specialty, so it wouldn't hurt if you are able to spend some time in an area that is complementary to your field.  In derm, we send patients to Rheumatology a lot for example, and Mohs surgeons as well since we don't do that at the practice I'm at. If you're going to be working in primary care, I think extra time in any specialty is helpful, but consider derm, endocrine, or ER.  If you're planning on working in an ER, I think a derm or surgery rotation where you'll be able to really work on suturing is a good idea.

Do you feel like you need more study time for PANCE, but still want to take it early?

  • Some rotations are more laid back and less time consuming than others, which would give you more time to study.  ER is one that typically you have to do a set number of shifts so if you have flexibility to do them all at the beginning, you would potentially finish a rotation early and have extra study time.

Is there a different city or state you are possibly interested in working there?

  • Elective rotations are a great opportunity to explore other areas of your state or maybe another part of the country.  A classmate of mine did rotations in Texas, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Washington, and Alaska, where she is now currently working.  If you have the financial means and the flexibility to travel, then go for it.  Doing rotations in other geographic areas will also help expose you to how healthcare is different among regions.  
     

Other resources to check out:

Let me know in the comments if there are any electives you would or would not recommend and your tips for how to choose those rotations! 


The Hard Parts of Practicing

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As much as I love what I do, I have days that are just really tough, or entire weeks, like this one.  When I first started working, there were more days and weeks like this just because I felt like I didn't have a great grasp on dermatology and felt like I should already know everything.  It's definitely gotten easier, but there are still some days that are just so hard.  

I feel like we mostly talk about the good stuff of practicing medicine while we're in school, but there's a lot more to it than that.  Occasionally, we'll learn about difficult or non-compliant patients, but that just barely scrapes the surface of what it's like in the real world.  You can role-play situations as much as you want, but you won't know how to react or what to say until you're actually encountering patients.  I work in dermatology, so I know there are others in specialties that deal with even more difficult situations than me.  

These are the things that I've found difficult during my first year of working, and during this incredibly long week:  

  • When patients are frustrated that the treatment regimen you gave them for their eczema or acne didn't work
    • I promise I gave you what I thought would work the best and be most cost effective.  But sometimes, I'm wrong.  I didn't do it on purpose, and I will keep working to find what works for you.  
  • When a patient wants you to inject an area that you know may cause blindness 
    • There isn't always a quick fix for everything, and I would never purposefully do something that would harm my patient.  Like injecting steroid into a stubborn acne bump in an area (the glabella, aka in between the eyebrows) that could potentially cause blindness.  Sometimes we have to wait it out and let our body heal itself, even if it takes longer than we would like.  
  • Having to make a phone call to a patient to tell them they have melanoma
    • I hate melanoma phone calls.  That's about the worst thing to do in dermatology, and it can be a really tough conversation.  Most of the public is not very knowledgeable about skin cancers, or don't consider them "real cancers."  I think once you have a 50-year old patient with a melanoma that gives him a 15% 5-year survival rate, that counts as real cancer.  
  • Having 3 patients in a row no-show, but also patients showing up 30 minutes late or with no appointment at all, which just throws the whole day off
    • This is something I still have trouble not getting frustrated about, but things happen and I try to give patients the benefit of the doubt.  
  • Having to tell a patient she might have MRSA and probably shouldn't hold her new grandbaby until the culture results come back, and then her calling saying I "didn't help at all"
    • It's not a good feeling to have a patient call with a complaint like that.  Especially when I treated her appropriately.  That's where emotions of the patient get involved, and things get complicated.  A phone call usually helps.  I was dreading calling this patient back, but when I did it actually made the situation better.  I was able to tell her she has normal Staph and not resistant Staph, and although I still want her to avoid the baby, it made it not quite as bad.  Patients will most always appreciate your time, and I think as providers we should take the time to make situations like this better if we can.  
  • Seeing a 7-year old with a skin disease that could potentially cause him to lose mobility of his leg
    • Kid stuff is hard.  This kid had something called lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, and areas had progressed to morphea.  This was something I had read about, but never actually seen.  Hopefully, we should be able to help him before things progress too far.  

Honestly, those are just the few highlights, and there were plenty of other situations I could talk about.  Part of what makes my job so tough is that at times I get the feeling that patients are thinking I just gave them a medicine for the heck of it, or that I didn't make them better on purpose, or that I don't care that I'm 30 minutes behind and they had to wait a little longer.  Truthfully, these things actually bother me.  A lot.  And I know they bother most other providers as well.  I wish patients were able to see the behind the scenes sometimes, instead of thinking we just mosey around at our leisure.  

I've been on the patient side too.  At my annual GYN appointment last year, I waited for 3 hours to see my physician.  And she spent about 5 minutes with me.  But she had an emergency patient that had to be seen to, and when it comes down to it, I know that if I was the one having an emergency she would have made someone else wait.  People are very quick to make judgments these days and very impatient.  I see Facebook posts almost weekly about "Why would my appointment be at 3:00, but the doctor didn't see me until 3:30?" or continual updates about how long the person has been sitting in the doctor's office.

 As someone who has seen both sides, and is sometimes responsible for people sitting in the waiting room, I think we need a little more grace.  Both patients and providers.  It is not uncommon for my patients to be late.  And not just a few minutes.  I've had patients show up an hour late and most of the time they don't even mention it.  If I make a patient wait more than 5 minutes, I apologize because I hold myself to higher standards than that.  So I do get frustrated with those patients who are late.  At the end of the day, we're all just people.  Both patients and providers, and we all make mistakes, so I hope we can give each other a break.  


Clinical Year: Surgery

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Surgery was by far my favorite rotation while I was in PA school.  I had already been exposed to a bit of surgery in OB/GYN where I learned I could see blood and invasive surgeries without passing out, so I was excited and ready to go for my surgery rotation.  

The surgeon I worked with was a general surgeon, but he specializes in breast cancer.  He is seriously just a great person.  He is kind to his office and surgical staff, spends time with his patients and truly loves them, and awesome at what he does.  That probably was part of why I loved this rotation so much.  And he helped me get the job I have now!

While surgery was my favorite overall, it was also one of my busiest rotations and during the 12-hour days I would rarely sit down.  Maybe for 30 minutes total out of the whole day.   After the first week, I was feeling like my body just wasn't going to make it.  This rotation is where I learned it is important to wear good shoes and compression socks and that it will actually make a difference.  Danskos are a good option, but if you can't bring yourself to look like a little dutch girl, a good pair of tennis shoes with supportive insoles will work too.  I went to The Walking Company for some shoes, and then got some Dr. Scholl's inserts at the fancy machine at Bed, Bath, and Beyond that tells you what kind you need.   Compression socks take a little getting used to, but I wear them daily still.  VIM & VIGR are my favorites right now because they have some patterned ones, but also they give good compression and really maintain it throughout multiple washes.  I have 3 pairs I've been rotating through for the past year, and they are all still doing great.  

Before this rotation, I did not have much knowledge of breast cancer.  No one close to me has ever had breast cancer, and the few lectures we had during the didactic year were a little over my head for where we were at the time.  Dr. C did a great job of explaining the different types of breast cancer, how hormones play a role, and surgical options when breast cancer is found. 

I became very proficient in breast exams during this rotation, and I realized the importance of women doing self-exams.  It was very interesting seeing a case from start to finish, and all of the emotions involved.   I actually really like getting to help patients through that process, and it's something I still get to do in dermatology.  One case that sticks with me was a 35 year old woman who happened to notice a lump while on vacation.  Mammograms are not recommended (or covered by insurance) until age 40, so she had never had one.  (This is something that insurance companies are trying to change to make the recommended age older, by the way.)  She came in and we did an ultrasound first.  Typically a dark shadow that blocks the waves completely and shows nothing underneath it means the tissue is thicker and not doing what it is supposed to be doing.  Then a fine needle aspiration was done, and I learned early that if the tissue sinks in the specimen cup, that is also not a good sign.  The surgeon told me that he can usually tell by how the tissue feels during the biopsy if it is cancerous, and I can confirm that's true after working in derm.  When I biopsy a basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, the tissue seems to almost fall apart and it is very friable.  

Anyways, this patient had both of those signs, and Dr. C told her his suspicions.  It is hard to watch someone receive that news, but everyone reacts differently.  Some people are ready to know what's next and how to fight it, while others start throwing up and need some time to come to terms with the disease in their body.  Whenever a patient is diagnosed with breast cancer, Dr. C would bring them in for a "talk" to go over the diagnosis and discuss options.  

In the OR, we did a lot of lumpectomies and mastectomies, with a few gall bladder and lipoma removals and hernia repairs as well.  I love the OR setting.  I was able to make incisions, suction, help remove tissue, and suture.  This rotation is where I really learned to suture and got a ton of practice, which I am so thankful for.  

The worst day was when the air was broken in one of the ORs, so it was about 80 degrees.  When there are a lot of hot tools being used and you're wearing scrubs and a gown and mask, it can get pretty hot.  That was the only time I almost passed out while in the OR.  

Here is a blog post of an interview with a PA who works in orthopedic surgery.  Broken bones are not my thing, so if you can set a fracture without passing out, then more power to you!

Here is a blog post of an interview with a PA who works in neurosurgery, so check it out if that is a field that interests you.  

Surgery is interesting because you have to be ready for complications, and be able to think through problems.  I really enjoyed it, but it's not for everyone.  Let me know if you have any questions! 

Some other posts or articles that pertain to working in surgery: 


1 Year Out

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I just recently realized that I've officially been a graduate for 1 full year, and it was about this time last year where I was nervously awaiting PANCE results.  It's been somewhat of a whirlwind year, and I wanted to reflect and share some advice to you guys as I look back.  It's amazing how time flies in PA school, and then it still goes as fast when you're busy working.  I went to a pharmaceutical dinner last night for PAs, and some of my past professors, and now colleagues, were there.  It was so funny because one of the teachers couldn't even remember when I graduated!  And she wanted me to call her by her first name, which just still seems weird to me.  It's amazing what a difference a year can make.  

This time last year, I had officially graduated, taken PANCE, and was training at my dermatology job.  I was almost as nervous to check my board results as I was to actually take the test.  I was at work that day and as soon as I got the e-mail that scores were posted, I went outside of the building to check them.  I had pretty much decided that if I failed, I would just leave and not go back.  Luckily, I didn't have to do that, but passing boards is what made it feel real, like I had finally made it.  I'm dreading retaking them in 10 years, but I just won't think about that for now.  

Some advice to Pre-PA students - Being a PA is a great job, and I definitely recommend it, but look at all of your options closely and decide why being a PA will be a good job for you personally.  Although in many fields, you do most of what the physician does, PAs are not physicians, and some people will never be happy in that role.  It takes hard work to become a PA and you have to decide that it's worth it you.  While you're doing all of the prerequisites for PA school, have some fun.  Looking back, I had a great college experience, but I was almost too goal focused and I do wish I was a little more laid back at times.  The stress and tears weren't really worth it.  

Advice to current PA students - Eventually, you will be done with classes and rotations and boards and you will be a PA too!  It does end, so just remember that during the weeks that you think you might just not make it.   There are still about 2 weeks that I remember as just being terrible, but we all made it through.  I would encourage you to still take care of yourself and your passions.  It can be easy to lose those things when you're so microfocused on school all the time.  I don't think I read a single book for fun while I was in PA school, instead I would read study material until I fell asleep.  Was that necessary?  Probably not.  Also take time to invest in your friendships and family.  The first 2 semesters of PA school, I wouldn't even go out to eat with my family because I "had to study."  Looking back, it would have taken probably 30 min- 1 hour, given my brain a rest, and given me nourishment and fellowship.  Maybe I got 1 point higher on the test by skipping dinner?  But I think I would have rather gone to dinner.  So don't be so uptight that you let things slip away.  Become friends with your classmates too, and hang out with them outside of school!  Some of my best friends are girls I met in PA school, and most of the things we did were unplanned and random, but just what we needed to survive.  Like buying last minute floor seats to see Taylor Swift 2 days before the show, with multiple tests the next week...maybe not the best plan, but exactly what we needed at the time.  (And it was so worth it.)  One last thing, you will find a job.  So no need to cry over that like I did either.  Your first job probably will not be your last job, but there are plenty to go around.  While job searching, I would recommend not discussing specifics of jobs with your friends or close classmates because it can get a little uncomfortable if you and your best friend are interviewing for the same job.  So just make a plan to hold off until you've signed the contract.  

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Advice to new grads - Congrats, you made it!  Welcome to the real world!  Vacation is something different now, and if you're working in a clinic with a set schedule, be prepared to ask off months in advance because they really don't like having to move 20-30 patients when you decide you're ready to go to the beach. Be wise with your money.  I had a great plan right out of school that I would just buy whatever I want and then whatever was left would go to my student loans.  Yeah, that's  a terrible plan.  Look into paying off your loans early and investing as soon as possible.  (A great resource - White Coat Investor).  While being wise with your money, don't be afraid to have some fun too.  You've deserved it!  Like if you want to plan a random trip to Las Vegas with your spouse or buddies, do it!  And keep up with your classmates.  It takes a family to get through PA school, and now that you have a bunch of new colleagues, use those resources to make each other better PAs.  If you hate your current job, look for a new one.  I once heard that you should never stop looking for a job, and there are tons out there so don't stay somewhere that you are unhappy.  Don't forget to give back to your program either, and not necessarily financially.  If you are able to lecture or be a preceptor for students, that's a huge help to the program and even more to the students.  

Overall, I'm extremely happy with my decision to become a PA and I love my job.  There are still some days when I feel overly stressed and exhausted, but there are far less than when I first started working.  I'm excited to see where our profession is heading, and how it will change and evolve.  I'm still figuring everything out, but it's getting much easier.  And I'm just happy to not be studying for the PANCE right now.  


Clinical Year: Obstetrics and Gynecology

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This was my first surgical rotation, and I don't think I realized how much surgery is involved in OBGYN until I was there.  I have to admit I was not excited going into this rotation.  I had never done a Pap smear up until this point, and I was thinking I would be just fine if I never did.  Nonetheless, it is an important skill that I did get some practice with.  

Anyways, I showed up on the first day and met my preceptor and her medical assistant.  They were so much fun to work with, always saying hilarious things, even if they were sometimes slightly inappropriate.  My preceptor was from Europe, so she was raised with a different medical model, and she has extremely strong opinions about our government.  That made for some interesting discussions, and I did learn a good bit about politics so I could keep up with her jabs at political figures.  She was really fun to work with, and a very patient preceptor.  She would ask me questions, but was never rude or condescending towards me (or any of the staff for that matter.)  I really respected how laid back she was, and I honestly don't think I ever saw her stress out about being behind or having to run back and forth from the office to the hospital.  

They told me to meet at the hospital at 6 am for my second day to go into the operating room.  I was so nervous.  My biggest fear was passing out when the surgeon made their first cut.  While shadowing in dermatology, I had a close call when I saw a punch biopsy, and that's nothing.  I mean, I actually do those myself now, which is especially silly to think back on.  When I saw the PA cut into the patient, for some reason my face turned white and I started blacking out.  Luckily, the PA looked over at me and asked if I wanted to sit down, which was a great idea.  So needless to say, I didn't really want to make a fool of myself at the beginning of my rotation.  

I showed up at the hospital to watch a laparoscopic tubal ligation and an abdominal hysterectomy.  During laparoscopic surgery, you watch the monitor more than anything else.  Hysterectomies can also be done laparoscopically in some cases, but this one wasn't.  As they started to do the transverse abdominal incision, my nerves melted away, and I was intrigued by getting to see all of the organs I had been learning about in a real person.  This is where having a cadaver lab in anatomy really became helpful.  Although cadavers don't have the same fluids that a live body has,  I had already felt the difference in an artery and a nerve, and when there are a bunch of fluids, it can become hard to differentiate.  That was a fun day, and really started my love for surgery.  

When we weren't at the hospital for surgeries (which were almost every morning), we saw normal patients at the office.  This consisted of a lot of annual checks and pregnancy checks.  I learned to do a Pap smear and vaginal exam, which I don't use at all in my current job, but still good to know.  I wouldn't say that I feel proficient in those skills, but if I need to do it I can.  It came in handy during my internal medicine rotation, where they had me do every single Pap smear that came in to the office (not awesome).  Pregnancy checks consist of a Doppler ultrasound, measurement of the abdomen, palpating the abdomen, and towards the end, a vaginal exam for dilation and effacement.  I've never been pregnant, and I had never even seen a very pregnant belly, but here are the things I learned about pregnancy:

  • You can visibly see the baby moving, and it's kinda freaky.  Try not to make weird faces because the baby daddy might call you out, and that's embarrassing.  
  • If you are more in shape/fit/healthy before you get pregnant, you will likely have an easier pregnancy, less weight gain, easier time losing the baby weight.  If you are more unhealthy, you will likely be more miserable.  
  • Pregnancy is different for everyone!  Here's hoping when that time comes, I get the easy kind.  
  • Pregnant women seem to be doing great, but at a certain point, they're all ready to not be pregnant anymore.  And those last vaginal exams seem to be really painful.  
  • If you've never been pregnant, an OBGYN rotation can freak you out and prepare you way too much for what's to come.  

My rotation was in October, and I'm not sure what holiday happens 9 months before then (New Year's maybe?), but there were SO many births while I was there.  I assisted in 9 C-sections, and saw 5 vaginal births.  My classmate who rotated in February had no births with the same preceptor, so it's really hit or miss with what you'll actually get to see.  Cesarean sections (C-sections) are really interesting surgeries.  The patient is awake for one thing.  Basically an incision is made through the skin, and then the fascia, and then you can see the uterus!  We had one patient who was on her 4th C-section, and she was a very high risk pregnancy.  When we got to her uterus, it was about as thick as plastic wrap, and you could see through it like plastic wrap!  Once the uterus is opened, there's a whole lot of fluid that's released.  Births are extremely messy.  It is really cool getting to see the baby delivered and how excited the parents are.  Vaginal births are also interesting, but honestly neither option looks quite natural.  I wish I had seen a multiples birth while I was there, but I got to see plenty of single births.   

On my longest day there, I arrived at 6 am and didn't go home until midnight.  We had 3 women in labor at the same time by the time we were done with clinic patients.  2 were first time mothers, and the other was having her third child.  It was definitely worth staying around, but I was exhausted by the time I made it home that night.  

One interesting case I saw was a woman who had a procedure done for abnormal cells on her cervix.  She called the office because she had started bleeding about a week after the operation.  She came in and was extremely pale, and she was bleeding through at least one pad each hour.  That's too much blood loss.  We ended up having to go back to the OR to stop the bleeding, but it was pretty scary seeing her so unstable.  

I ended up actually really enjoying my time in OBGYN.  I liked the OB part of this specialty much more than the GYN part.  There are some residencies available if this is a field that you are really interested in.  Unfortunately, in Georgia, PAs are not able to deliver babies.  We actually had a PA who had done a residency in California come talk to our class, and although she had done over 500 deliveries, she still wasn't given clearance to deliver in Georgia.  If you are into the OB part of things, you may want to look into state laws before doing a residency.  

Obstetrics and Gynecology
By Charles R. B. Beckmann MD MHPE, William Herbert MD, Douglas Laube MD M ED, Frank Ling MD, Roger Smith MD
Buy on Amazon

The main book I used to study for this residency was Beckmann's Obstetrics and Gynecology.  It's very easy to read and very thorough.  I think I felt most prepared for the OB/GYN end of rotation exam out of all of the exams.  

Some other good choices are: 

And here are some other resources to check out:

  • Here are one and two blog posts about a student's OB/GYN rotation
  • And here is another fellow student's tips for OB/GYN

I would love to hear about some of your experiences in OB/GYN or answer any questions you have so feel free to leave a comment below!  


Providers as Patients

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Obviously we are all patients at some point in time, and that is where we develop empathy for our patients and can really step into their shoes.  I wanted to share my most recent experience as a patient and how it's affected how I practice, and possibly can provide some clinical insight for your patients!  

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I'm not a super "moley" (not a medical term, but commonly heard at my job) person, but I've always had 1 mole on each of my feet.  I've never worried about them, but over this past year I started to think they were maybe getting a little larger, and then one of them in particular began to darken.  Those are pretty typical signs of possible dysplasia (atypical changes) in pigmented lesions like moles.  I had shown them to my supervising physician when I first started about a year ago, and she thought they were fine at the time.  When I showed her this past week, her opinion had changed, which was what I was expecting.  If I saw these moles on a patient, I would want to take them off.  

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You have to be really careful with moles on the feet because they can be forgotten and due to the volar skin that is a little different, the characteristics you look for are slightly different.  In dermatology, we use a tool called a dermatoscope, which is basically a magnifying glass with a light.  Dermoscopy is very helpful, but if you are suspicious of a mole with the naked eye, the dermatoscope should really only confirm your suspicions and decision to biopsy.  There pictures are of my moles (because I had to send them to all my friends from PA school of course).  

So here's the deal with moles and biopsies or removal.  There are 2 types of biopsies.  Both consist of numbing the area locally with a shot of lidocaine, usually with epinephrine.  A shave biopsy is basically a razor blade that you bend to shave underneath the lesion.  This is typically done for raised moles being removed or to biopsy possible skin cancers, among other various things.  A punch biopsy is like using a cookie cutter to remove a portion of skin all the way down to the subcutaneous fat, which requires stitches.  This gets the epidermis and the dermis, which provides a deeper sample.  There are different sizes of punches, ranging from 2mm-8mm.  These are done on any lesion suspected for melanoma or moles that are suspected to be atypical/skin cancers if you can remove the entire lesion.  Everyone has different standards and there are some practices that do more punches or more shaves and may not agree with those standards, but those are my (very rough) guidelines.  

So for the size of my moles and the dark pigment, punch biopsies were the best option.  I had about a week to think about how bad the shot was going to hurt, and honestly it was just as bad as I expected.  There are so many nerves in your hands and feet, that a shot there is killer.  And lidocaine burns like crazy.  Then it feels very strange when your feet are numb.  So we did the biopsies at lunch last Thursday, and luckily I didn't have to work on Friday.  Here is a picture of my feet post-biopsy (sorry for the ugly foot pic).  The white area around the stitches is the blanching from the numbing shot.   

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I took a picture of the samples in the specimen bottles as well.  

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Friday morning it felt like I had a chunk taken out of both of my feet, and they were extremely sore.  I basically hobbled around all weekend and sat as much as possible.  This process has made me very thankful for my feet, and I can't wait for them to feel like normal again.  

So here we are a week later, and only one of my biopsy sites is infected, even though I've been keeping them covered constantly, and both of my feet are still pretty sore.  But of course, I've been working all week and that probably doesn't help.  I feel like I have so much empathy for my patients now, and I know exactly what they are going through and how tender it is when I have to give them a numbing shot.  I understand that it's difficult to relax while someone is cutting on you.  I think it's helpful for patients to know that I've been through this as well and that I can relate.  I'm a huge proponent of being honest with patients and letting them know that we go through the same things they do.  I think there is sometimes a stigma with providers, but we're all just people too.   

My advice to patients who need a biopsy done is:

  • It's not as scary as it seems 
  • The shot does hurt pretty badly (especially on the foot), but it only lasts about 5 seconds.  
  • The feeling pressure and no pain is very strange, especially when the suture are being put in 
  • Even if you do everything you're supposed to do for aftercare, you can still get infected
  • Stitches are really itchy!  
  • The biopsy site may be sore afterwards, but it's nothing ibuprofen or acetaminophen can't take care of. 

My advice to providers doing a biopsy: 

  • Don't try to pretend the shot doesn't hurt because it does.  Just try to get it done as quickly as possible, and remind your patients to take deep breaths while you are injecting.  And if you are injecting in such a sensitive area, you may want to recruit some help for keeping the patient still and ask the patient to try to not jerk with the needle stick.  
  • If you think a spot needs biopsied, be confident in that decision and either take it off yourself, or if you are not working in dermatology refer the patient to a dermatologist.  If you really think it may be atypical or malignant, it's probably best for it to be biopsied in a dermatology office because it's really helpful to see a lesion before it's messed with.  

Clinical Year: Psychiatry

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So I'm going to be honest.  Psych was not my favorite rotation.  Actually, it was my least favorite, and I'll tell you why, but this was definitely the rotation that I most dreaded going to everyday.  I spent all 4 weeks of my rotation on the in-patient psych ward at the hospital, and a whole month was way too long to just be in the locked unit.  Patients in the hospital are sometimes there for an extremely long time, and so there were a couple of patients that I followed the whole time without many changes, and I just don't feel like I got the best exposure to psychiatry.  That influenced my opinion of the field a lot, and I wish I had some outpatient experience mixed in as well.  Even the med students only spend 2 weeks on in-patient at a time, and spend other time in outpatient, pediatrics, or the ER.  Anyways, enough of my rant, now on to the details of my time in psychiatry.

It was a little nerve-wracking going into a unit of the hospital with 2 locked doors that required codes, but it's necessary for the safety of the patients. I spent a lot of time in the resident's room, and I spent a lot of time during this rotation on the phone.  This was my first rotation where I was working with med students and residents.  The med students that were there only stayed for my first week, but they were so helpful!  This was my first rotation using electronic medical records (EMR) since my family medicine rotation was still using paper charts, and the med guys showed me the ropes and were a big help to me.  Residents were a different story.  The first resident I was assigned to was actually a PA for about 12 years before deciding to go to medical school, and she was a little frustrating at times and would give me pointless things to do, like finding colleges for her daughter to apply to. Not super beneficial for my education.  But as bad as I though she was, it was nothing compared to the resident I was with for the last week.  She was extremely unreasonable and not helpful at all, so that was a challenge, and I was glad to be done!  I met some very nice residents, but I did not get to work with them personally.

My attending on psych was great.  He was very patient and a good teacher.  What's interesting about doing a rotation at a teaching hospital is that the attending is not around very much.  We would arrive around 7-7:30 am and go see our assigned patients and then the doctor would show up to round at 9.  Rounds on psych were also a little different.  We would sit in a big conference room (attending, residents, students, social worker) and bring the patients in one at a time to discuss how they were doing, any changes that needed to be made in medications, and possible discharge plans.  After rounds, we would put the plans into action, and like I said above, that typically meant a lot of phone calls.  There has to be a lot of communication with family members if considering discharge to ensure the patient will be safe and have support to continue medications and make it to follow up appointments.  One of the hardest parts of psychiatry is establishing discharge because the patient has to have somewhere to go. If they do not have a home or anyone willing to take them in, then the social workers try to find a shelter or halfway home for them to go to.

I saw some extremely interesting, and very sad, cases while on psychiatry.  I think for me personally it was just too emotionally draining.  There was one weekend that I felt very depressed and I think it was just the environment that I was surrounded by.

The second day I was there, a patient actually committed suicide and that was extremely troubling to all of us there including providers, students, and patients.  There are measures in place to prevent something like that from happening, but if a person is determined enough they will find a way.  There was a lot of procedure to go through after that and a patient limit was started on the unit, which decreased the amount of patients we got to care for.

There was an 18 year old who had been started on antidepressants before leaving for college, and 2 weeks into school called her parents with serious thoughts of hurting her roommate.  That progressed to thoughts of hurting other people, including her family and herself, and she ended up on the in-patient unit.  The new medication and stress of starting school had basically initiated a psychotic break.  She was experiencing very intense hallucinations.  For example, at one point the medical student and I were questioning her, and he asked if she was having any violent thoughts.  Her response was that she was imagining taking the pen out of his shirt pocket and stabbing him in the throat.  That was sobering and made me realize this was a serious place to be and it really broke my heart to see such a young, pretty girl struggling so much.  She was very sensitive to medications and one of the medications she was started on actually caused her to have tardive dyskinesia.

It was also interesting seeing how patients can work the system.  There was an Asberger's patient who treated his time in the ward as a vacation.  He found out that if he said he was suicidal, they would have to admit him and then he would keep saying it while he was there.  Patients would also occasionally come in if they needed a place to hide out, like if they owed someone money.  The attendings were good at recognizing these patients and finding out their motive.

Blueprints Psychiatry (Blueprints Series)
By Michael J. Murphy, Ronald L. Cowan MD PhD
Buy on Amazon

I also got to see great cases of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as drug and alcohol abuse.  I did learn a lot, and one of the good things about psych is that the test was very straight forward.  I feel like psych is easier to learn than some other areas.  The hardest part is the medications for sure!  The book I used the most was Blueprints Psychiatry, and I would recommend doing as many practice questions as possible.

My frustrations with psychiatry came from only seeing in-patient and feeling so limited by medications.  Some of the patients were on so much medicine, and it was very hard for me to see the effectiveness in the time I was there.  At least one person that I graduated with is working in psychiatry and I think it takes a very strong personality and someone who does not let their emotions get involved to work in this field.  I would love to hear about some of your experiences in psychiatry or answer any questions you may have!

Here is a blog post of another student's experiences while on her psych rotation.  


Clinical Year: Family Medicine

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I started my clinical year in Family Medicine, and personally it was a great place to start for me.  I was at a private practice with one physician who has been practicing for years in the area.  He's getting close to retirement, so he only sees patients in the mornings each day from about 8-12.  I was a little worried at first that I wouldn't see enough patients to feel like I was getting good experience, but that was not the case at all. We would usually see 12-15 patients each day and I think I had plenty of exposure to family medicine during my 4 weeks there.

My first day there I was a bundle of nerves for multiple reasons.  I was going into a new place where I didn't know a soul and it was my very first rotation.  I walked in and the sweet nurses told me where to put my stuff and then I went to meet the doctor in his office.  He was very nice, but had a somewhat flat affect and not much to say starting out.  I still didn't have any idea what to expect or what he would actually want me to do.  When patients started showing up, I was thrown to the wolves, which ended up being a good thing.  I would go to see the patient first and then come back and present to him.  He would ask me questions, which made me think about things I should be asking and considering.

Throughout my 4 weeks, I saw a large variety of conditions and types of patients.  Here are some of the main things I saw during my time there:

  • Yearly well-checks/physicals - There is a lot of counseling done at these appointments and reviewing diet, social habits, medications, vital signs, and just basically a good check-up.  This is a great time to practice the physical exam.  Some preceptors may do a modified PE, but if you have the time, practice your skills.
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure) - If the nurse checks the BP and it's high, you should recheck it manually in the room and possibly in both arms before reporting to the physician because they will most likely ask you to do this.
  • Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) - If a patient ate a fatty meal the day before they had labs drawn that is not the reason their cholesterol is high....maybe triglycerides, but still.
  • Diabetes - This is tough, and can be very difficult to control.  There's a lot of counseling involved in diabetes treatment, and if you have the chance to do a rotation in endocrinology, I would definitely recommend it.  Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to some scary stuff.
  • Shingles/Herpes Zoster - This one is so easy to miss when it presents early, and I know that from experience.  And it still tricks me sometimes!  The biggest clue is if it only appears on one side of the body.  So if a patient is having symptoms (tingling, itching, pain) or even a slight rash and you feel like it follows a single unilateral dermatome, then you should at least consider shingles.

I had my first encounter with a drug seeker/addict on my first rotation as well, and I felt like the most naïve person alive when I reported by my preceptor.  He had known the girl for years, so he had expectations that were different than mine.  She gave me a really intense story about how her life had been crazy lately and she really could use some help with anxiety, and she has a lot of trouble paying attention at work, and she has to stand a lot so she has a lot of back pain.  I told the physician about all of her ailments, and his response was, "Ah, the trifecta."  I came to learn that people will frequently want not only pain medication, but also medications for anxiety and ADHD as well.  These substances are so commonly abused by patients and by providers prescribing them incorrectly that you have to be a little skeptical of patient's intentions, which is sad but also the real world.

I had one very scary experience while I was on this rotation with a diabetic patient.  I knew he was somewhat uncontrolled going into the room, but at first glance this patient was flushed and just didn't look good.  I started questioning him, and he had been having diarrhea for about 2 weeks.  A change in fluids or intake/outtake in a diabetic patient is a dangerous thing.  He was on insulin, and his blood sugar was reading in the 300 range consistently.  He was basically going into a diabetic coma (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome) and needed to be at the ER, but was at our office.  I left the room to grab the doctor and we heard a loud noise, which was the patient basically passing out and falling back on the table.  That could have been really bad, and led to one of the lessons I share below.  We called an ambulance to help him get some fluids, but that was a learning experience for sure.

Things I learned:

  • Be skeptical.  It stinks, but there are some patients that may try to take advantage of you, so just be careful.
  • If you get to present, go for it.  Go ahead and say your differential and what you would like to treat with.  The physician is likely going to ask you about this anyways, so no harm in just presenting it from the start.
  • Never leave a patient's room if you think they may not be stable, like I learned from my diabetic patient.
  • Don't laugh at what patients say no matter how hard it is at times.  People will say some of the craziest stuff and pronounce things a little funny sometimes, so try to stay neutral if possible.  Like "asmur" (asthma) and "diabeetus" (diabetes).
  • Work on your shocked face.  I'm really bad about showing all of my reactions on my face.  This is still something I struggle with at times, but I've gotten a lot better.  Whether it's a baby moving in a mom's belly (that can be strange) or a 4 cm skin cancer that is bleeding like crazy and has been there for 5 years, it's best just to smile.
Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series)3rd EDITION
By Steven S. Agabegi MD, Elizabeth Agabegi MD
Buy on Amazon

As far as resources, since this was my first rotation, I was just trying to figure out what the best book might be.  I ended up using my PANCE review book (which every PA student must own) a good bit, but sometimes it just didn't have as much specific information as I was looking for.  I ended up also using Step Up to Medicine as well, and I really like this book for both family medicine and Internal medicine.  

Overall, I really liked family medicine.  I love that you get to know your patients so well and follow them closely over time.  The one thing I didn't like was seeing "sick" patients like ones who have the flu or colds.  I didn't see as much of this here because it was August though.  I would love to hear your thought or questions about family medicine!

Here is a blog post of an interview with a rural medicine PA.  And another one with a family medicine PA


Tips for Rotations

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 So once you've successfully completed your didactic year of PA school, it's time for the clinical year.  This is an exciting time because you finally get to put your knowledge and skills to the test and it's so much easier to remember a disease or medication when you see it in practice.  Most PA programs try to incorporate some clinical time during the didactic year, but after that it's no more classroom time, which is awesome and scary!  Here are some of my tips for making the most of your clinical year.

  1. Be confident. You've worked hard to get to this point, and although you might not feel ready to see real patients, you are likely more prepared than you think.  So trust yourself, and trust that the answer you're unsure about might just be right! Or it could be wrong, but there's no harm in getting an answer wrong and you'll at least learn something in the process.  I got plenty of answers wrong when being "pimped" (this means quizzed) by preceptors, and there were times I didn't answer out of fear of being wrong and I would have gotten it right!
  2. Be honest.  When your preceptor asks you a question, whether about yourself or what field you want to work in, just give them a real answer.  I thought at first I should tell all of my preceptors that I wanted to work in their specialty so they would give me a job, but that didn't work. What did work, was when I started saying I would actually like to work in Dermatology or Surgery, and then my preceptors helped to use their connections and that's how I ended up with my job.
  3. Ask questions.  If there's something you don't understand, then ask about it.  As a student in a new setting, it can sometimes feel like you're in the way so you try to be invisible.  Most preceptors are not getting paid to spend time with you, and even though some will try to use you like free labor, a lot of the physicians and PAs love to teach and want to pass their knowledge to you.  The only problem is they may have been practicing so long that they assume you know things that you may not.  This is your education, so get the most out of it by asking the experts while you have access to them as a student.
  4. Be helpful.  Having a student can slow physicians down at times, so try to be helpful when you can.  Whether that's going to get printed prescriptions, doing tasks that you think are pointless (like making copies for the psych resident, but that's another story), or setting up for a procedure.  Try to think ahead and do anything that the nurse or MA might do if they are not around to do it.  Sometimes PA or med students feel these tasks are beneath them, but really it makes you look good to show that you are willing to do some grunt work.
  5. Be nice to everyone.  You are a guest and need to keep that in mind.  Whether its the nurse or the front office staff or the drug reps, kindness goes a long way, and you'll likely need their help at some point during your rotation.  This goes for other students you may be on rotations with as well.  You don't want the reputation of someone who isn't supportive of their colleagues, or the "gunner" (someone who goes out of their way on rotations to show off or look better than someone else).
  6. Be professional.  This should be common sense, but no matter how close you get with staff or other students on a rotation, stay professional.  As in don't bad mouth the doctor or staff ever, dress appropriately, be on time, and don't complain.
  7. Know your boundaries.  As rotations go on, towards the end you'll feel more comfortable with what you're doing, but keep in mind that you are still a student.  Sometimes preceptors will forget this or not take it into account as they should.  Just be sure not to do anything that could get you into trouble.  On my internal medicine rotation, it became very common for the preceptors to tell me the patient could leave after I gave my report and potential plan, which is not appropriate by the way.  I would have to say, I really think you need to see the patient and confirm my plans or diagnosis.  So don't be afraid to say no if there's something you don't feel you should be doing or if you don't feel you're getting adequate supervision.  And if you are ever put in a situation where you're asked to do something inappropriate for your skill level, tell your clinical directot so they will know the practices that are in place.
  8. Be bold.  Again, you are there to learn, so if there's a chance for you to do a procedure or take a history and do a physical, go for it!  As long as you feel comfortable(see #7 above) and are capable, take every opportunity given to you.  And as long as you have someone supervising and guiding you, there's no reason to pass on a chance to learn a new skill.
  9. Keep PANCE in mind.  So once clinicals are done, there's boards.  And if you thought the first year of PA school went by fast, then the clinical year will fly by.  As you study for end of rotation exams, really think of it as practice for boards, and use this to focus your studying.

I hope these help to get your mindset ready for your clinical year, and congrats on making it this far!  You're on the homestretch!  I'm going to start doing some specific articles on different rotations during clinical year, so if there are any specific questions you have please leave a comment!

Here is a blog that has some posts about a student's experience while she was on rotations.  And here is a different blog with tips gathered from 2nd year students.  


How to Save Money in PA School

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Unless you have someone supporting you financially or have been saving extensively, the cost of physician assistant school can be quite overwhelming.  If you attend a public program, your debt won't be quite as much, but some of the private programs can cost over six figures just for tuition and fees without considering the cost of living.  And most programs do not allow students to work during school, and it really isn't feasible with the intense schedule of PA school.

I was really lucky to go to PA school where I grew up, so I lived with my parents the first year before I got married, which saved a lot of cost of living.  They helped me out with fees and I covered all of the tuition with loans.   I attended a public program so tuition was about $7,000 per semester.  I also got a random scholarship that gave me $2,000 a year which helped as well.  I chose to not look at any of my loans until the end of school and that number was quite shocking to me.  I don't remember the exact number, but it was a little over $60,000.  Now I realize that many people have loans that are WAY more than mine, but it was amazing to me how much interest can accrue over a short period of time, and it really got me motivated to getting my loans paid off as soon as possible, which I am currently working on.  I'll share some ideas here on how to save money while you're in PA school because every little bit helps!  I would also advise only taking out the minimum that you need because if you have the money in reach, you're more likely to spend it.

1.  Find roommates:  Whether it's your parents or classmates, you'll find cheaper living options if you live with someone else.  A one-bedroom apartment is typically much more than a 2 or 3-bedroom.  Whenever you find out you're accepted, usually there's a Facebook page where you can connect with other students and see what their living situations are.  If you're in class together, you can carpool as well or split a parking pass!

2.  Bring lunch and don't eat out:  There were so many of my classmates that would eat out for every meal, and those costs can add up quickly.  You definitely have to eat and want to be healthy if possibly, but packing a lunch will save you some money in the long run.  If you currently eat out a lot, look at your food costs for one month, and then try to eat out less for the next month and compare.  As much as I love to save money, I'm also support splurging occasionally on meals or events, so if you're saving money on lunch each day, you won't feel as bad going out to eat with your class or going on a date night!

3.  Avoid online shopping during class:  I know this one from experience actually!  One of my good friends sat beside me in class and there would be times that one of us would find something really cute or a really great deal online and if she bought it, I would just get her to throw one in for me too, or vice versa.  It saves on shipping right?  I'm all about a good deal, but I also make the occasional impulse buy.  If you like to shop for clothes, you could try Stitchfix because they have a great referral program and if your friends sign up you get a 25 credit.

4. Referral Programs and Surveys:  You won't have a ton of extra time in PA school, but there are some survey sites where you can actually make a little money.  Swagbucks is a really easy one to use, and I don't do it quite as frequently, but I've gotten over $200 in Amazon gift cards over the past few years, and that really comes in handy!  As for referral programs, if you are purchasing something see if they have any kind of program.  Sites like Groupon and LivingSocial will have deals, such as if 3 people buy the same deal you got with the link, then you get it for free!

5. Make money!:  If you have any extra "stuff" think about selling it on eBay or another resell site, like Craigslist.  There are multiple "Garage Sale" Facebook groups in our area, which are a great way to sell things locally and find good deals.  If you have extra clothes, there's Poshmark online or Uptown Cheapskate or Plato's closet, which will pay you for clothing.

6.  Use coupons:  I'm not talking about extreme couponing, but if you want to do that then go for it!  Using coupons occasionally can help you to save some money though.  Kroger and other grocery stores have some great apps now that you can add coupons to.  You can also use Groupon and LivingSocial or Restaurant.com to find deals on gift certificates to restaurants to eat out.  If you use this link to LivingSocial you'll get $10 off of a deal that's at least $20.

7.  Textbook alternatives:  Whenever we got our textbook list, I would always check to see if there was an online copy for free either as a PDF or app.  Our library provided some great access to textbooks online.  I personally like to have the physical books, so the best places to check for this are Amazon or eBay, or with the class above you to see if they are willing to sell.  I think it makes much more sense to purchase the book and then sell it to another student or to Amazon's Trade-in program than to rent the books.  Amazon is amazing, and as a student you can get a great rate on Amazon Prime, which includes free 2-day shipping on most items and a ton of music and videos as well.  With this link, you can get a free 30-day trial!

8.  Scholarships:  Make sure to check and see if there are any scholarships offered by your school, and if they have any financial aid survey, fill it out!  The scholarship I received was called the Lettie Pate Whitehead Scholarship, and I got it just because I filled out the survey and qualified.  I think some of my classmates could have received it as well, but they just never looked into their options.  Here is a post with a good list of scholarships!

Here is a blog post with some other tips on how to afford PA school as well.  

I hope you found some of this a bit helpful, and if you have any other tips please comment below!


Resources for Anatomy

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Anatomy and Physiology is not only required to get into PA school, but will be one of the courses you'll have to require while in the program, usually near the beginning.  The A&P of PA school is a whole different level from most undergraduate programs, in both amount of material and intensity.  My program was done over the summer.  We had lecture 4 days a week and then switched off lab time each day so 2 days were spent in the cadaver lab.  The experience was great, but that's a smell I don't wish to revisit.  It's still hard for me to wrap my head around the way all of the structures of the body function together, and that I actually have all of those muscles and nerves!  We had 3 tests during that first challenging course, which I achieved a C, then a B, then an A.  Progress is great, but I wish I knew which tools were going to be the most beneficial for my limited study time.  Below are the resources I used outside of our required textbook, and I hope you will find them helpful!  I've included links to the most updated sources, but for most of these the previous editions will likely be sufficient (and cheaper).  Comment below with any other books or websites you've used during anatomy. This post contains some Amazon affiliate links. 

Netter's -  This is one of the classic resources.  It's an atlas of drawings of every single part of the body.  This is an essential book for learning the structures, and if you are able to know these pictures when it comes to practical time you should be prepared.  I had a copy I kept at home and then my lab group had one as well to keep in the lab (this one gets a little messy).  These are hand-drawn pictures by the way!

Color Atlas -  This book is also a collection of pictures of anatomy, but it's actual pictures of cadavers.  If you have a real cadaver lab, this book is invaluable.  It makes it much easier to identify the structures when you know what colors they actually appear, instead of blue, green, purple, and yellow.  I preferred studying from this book once I figured out what I was doing.

Netter's Flashcards -  There are flashcards of essential structures that have Netter's drawings and all of the important material on the back.  I didn't know these existed until my husband went through medical school, and they are pretty awesome.  He used them a ton.

Thieme Atlas - This is another atlas set that actually has little blurbs of information as well instead of just pictures.  Here is a link to the book on Google Books.  There are a few pages missing, but most of the content is there if you want to check it out!

University of Michigan Practice Questions -  These questions are amazing!  There are also practical identification questions.  I didn't do these for the first test and I truly regret it.  They are vignette style questions on high-yield material and give explanations for why an answer is wrong.  Great, free practice!

Lippincott's Illustrated Q&A of Anatomy and Embryology -  Lippincott has a great series of Q&A books, and this one may be the first one you use.  It has explanations for why answers are right or wrong, and these are also vignette-style.

Netter's App -  If you're more advanced technologically, you will love this app.  You can choose which structures you want to view and quiz yourself on different parts of the body.  It's a 3-D view and my husband still uses this to study.

Zygote Body -  This is similar to the Netter's app, but available on the internet.  There are different levels you can subscribe to, but sometimes it helps to get a different view and be able to customize quizzes.


Respecting Patients

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There has been a lot of press about a news story that came out recently.  Basically, during a routine colonoscopy, the patient accidentally had his phone recording, and happened to hear some very insulting remarks being made by the anesthesiologist during his procedure.  The things that were said were pretty outrageous, but unfortunately it is not too uncommon in many medical settings to hear negative comments about patients at times.  There were many things wrong with this case, including that the physician was making inappropriate comments, no one tried to protect the patient, and the physician made comments about billing for diagnoses that weren't present.

This case is a good reminder that it is our job as healthcare providers to protect our patients, and not just because you could lose money over it.  Working in the medical field day after day can be exhausting and sometimes it is easier to complain and rant then to just keep the frustrations in.  Whether it's the late patient, the difficult patient, or a drug seeker, it is not our job to judge the person who comes to us for help.  Even if you're not the initiator, you can help to be a positive influence in your workplace.

A story like this gives medical providers a bad wrap, and makes patients even more skeptical about whether we are really there to help them.  Especially if a patient is going under for a procedure, there's a good chance they are nervous about it, and the focus needs to be on "doing no harm" at all times, even when it's hard.  I hope you keep this in mind when you are out in clinic or hospitals and let's be more aware of how we are treating our patients.


Free Apps for Clinic Use

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We're lucky to be practicing medicine in a time where technology is readily available.  As frustrating as working on an EMR can be at times, I'm thankful that my computer is there if I need to look anything up or get more information about anything.  Phones and tablets have also found a place in medicine, and can be great tools to look something up quickly.  Today I'll share some apps with you that I use frequently in practice and that would also be useful for rotations.  Make sure to comment with any other apps that you find helpful!

- Medscape - This is one of my favorite resources for an all-inclusive source of information.  When you look something up on Medscape, it includes physiology, presentation, work-up, differential diagnosis, treatment options, prognosis, and basically anything you would want to know.  Even when I google stuff on the computer, Medscape is typically my go-to source if I'm not using UpToDate (which requires a paid subscription).

- Epocrates - This is a very important pharmacology app.  It can be especially tough to keep up with all of the changes in medications.  There are constantly new drugs coming out and changes being made in availability, and this app does a great job of staying up to date.  On the free version, you can look up specific medications and find out dosing, alternate names, how it is supplied, adverse affects, contraindications, and even pictures of what the medications look like.  There is also a feature that you can add all medications that a patient is on and see if there are any cross reactions.

- Figure 1 - This app is like Instagram for medicine, and it is amazing.  Since I work in dermatology, and a lot of my cases depend on what I see, it's especially interesting to me.  Basically, people can post pictures and descriptions of cases for discussion.  Sometimes people will be looking for input into a case, or they may post something that they have seen to let other people become familiar with it.  This may not be something that you look things up on in clinical, but it may be helpful if you have a question, and it can familiarize you with diagnoses you may not frequently see.

- GoodRx - This is another pharmacology app, but it is more to the benefit of your patients.  You are able to put in medications and your zip code and find out the cost of the medications based on dosage.  This helps to compare and see what the most cost effective option is for your patient if you are deciding between medications.  There is an app, but you can also just pull the site up on your phone.  You can also print out coupons for specific pharmacies that make the prescriptions cheaper.

These are the ones I use the most, but I would love to know what you use as well!  And definitely check with your school or hospital and see if there are any apps that they offer subscriptions to as well.

And here are some other sites with their lists of top apps!


The PA Job Search: Where to Find Jobs

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Earlier this week, I did a post on what to look for when first starting a job search, so here's a follow-up post about where to actually look for the jobs.  I promise they're out there!  Some areas are more saturated with PAs than other areas so it can be a little more challenging, but the more flexible you are, the better luck you'll have finding a job.

The Internet:  This is pretty obvious, but it's a good idea to start with Google to get an idea of what may be open in your area.  When I was first starting, I would just search "physician assistant job augusta ga," and it usually took me to indeed.com or some other job site.  Most of the results from these searches go through an agency or are hospital listings.  Looking at specific hospital websites that are in the area you are interested in can also be helpful.  The only issue with these is that they may not update the listings very frequently, but there are usually at least a few positions posted at each of the hospitals in my area.

Preceptors:  When you are on rotations make it well-known what areas you are interested in working in to your preceptors and staff at your rotation sites.  When I first started rotations, I thought I should act like I loved whatever area I was working in for the month, but once I started being honest and talking about my love for dermatology and surgery was when I started hearing about job opportunities.  I attribute to my job to my surgery preceptor for the most part.  He was a colleague of a doctor that I heard was hiring and gave her a call on my behalf.

It's sometimes said during rotation orientation that you should expect to get numerous job offers while on rotations, but that isn't always true.  If most of your sites are ones that have been used for a long time and always have students, it is not likely that they are looking to hire.  You're going to have a much better shot at a job offer if you are able to do rotations at sites that have not had students in the past.

Cold Calls:  One of my teachers recommended this and it was incredibly intimidating, but now I definitely recommend doing it.  The best way to do this is to call offices, ask to speak to the office manager, and then ask if they are looking to hire a PA.  The majority of offices I called said not currently, but asked me to send my resume anyway.  I felt like this was possibly a dead end, but I actually met 2 different PAs during the time I was looking that recognized my name from my resume, and then told me about jobs they had heard about.

Program Resources: Some programs are really great about helping their students to find jobs after graduation.  Ask your advisor and any faculty you feel comfortable with if they know of any open positions (if you want to stay where your program is).  Our program also has a job board and a Facebook page for alumni where jobs are posted frequently, so see if your program has this, and if not just start one yourself!

Staffing Agency: Some offices go through agencies to find PAs.  I've talked to a few of these, but I'm not sure how effective they are.  Two of my closer friends from my program applied to and interviewed for programs through an agent, but from what they said they had to follow up very frequently and ultimately didn't get anywhere.

If you are starting your job search, I highly recommend watching my three part video series on Youtube with Lianne Hahn! In this three part series we explore Resumes and CVs for PA School and Physician Assistant Jobs, Interviewing for PA Jobs, and Contracts and Negotiations for Physician Assistants. Make sure to check out the series and subscribe to The PA Platform on Youtube!

I hope this gives you some direction if you're job searching, and please comment with your tips for finding a job!